XGMII, XAUI, XFI/SFI dan keluarga AUI: daripada 10G hingga 800G

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From 10 Gigabit onward the interface between host and module is a bundle of serial lanes, and its name tells you the rate, the lane count and the modulation: SFI is one 10G NRZ lane, CAUI-4 four 25G lanes, 400GAUI-8 eight 50G PAM4 lanes, 800GAUI-8 eight 100G PAM4 lanes. The module must accept exactly that bundle, retime or amplify it, and map it onto its optical lanes — which may be a different number. This page lists the interfaces, the chip-to-chip vs chip-to-module distinction with its compliance points, the OIF CEI specifications behind them, the electrical-to-optical lane mapping, and who does the signal conditioning on each generation.

10 Gigabit

Interface	Form	Where	Notes
XGMII (Cl. 46)	32-bit data + 4-bit control each way, DDR at 156.25 MHz, 74 signals	on-chip between MAC and PCS	≤ 7 cm; not on boards today
XAUI (Cl. 47)	4 lanes × 3.125 GBd, 8b/10b	MAC/XGXS ↔ PHY; XENPAK, X2, XPAK modules	up to 50 cm PCB; obsolete for modules
RXAUI	2 × 6.25 GBd	ASIC ↔ PHY (Marvell)	pin-saving XAUI
XFI (XFP MSA)	1 × 10.3125 GBd, 64b/66b	host ↔ XFP	module contains CDR — a retimed interface (XFP)
SFI (SFF-8431)	1 × 10.3125 GBd, 64b/66b	host ↔ SFP+	module usually limiting or linear without CDR; host SerDes does equalisation; compliance points B (host output), C (module output), D at the host input (SFP+)
10GBASE-KR (Cl. 72)	1 × 10.3125 GBd with link training	backplane; ASIC ↔ 10GBASE-T PHY	AN Clause 73
USXGMII	1 × 10.3125 GBd, rate-adapted	ASIC ↔ multigig PHY	SGMII & serial gigabit

SFI's "linear" option carried 10GBASE-LRM: the module passes the distorted multi-mode signal linearly and the host's electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) cleans it — the ancestor of today's LPO idea.

25, 40, 50 Gigabit

Interface	Lanes	Standard	Cage
25GAUI	1 × 25.78125 GBd NRZ	Annex 109A (C2C), 109B (C2M)	SFP28
XLAUI	4 × 10.3125 GBd	Annex 83A/B	QSFP+ (40GBASE-LR4 etc.)
XLPPI	4 × 10.3125, non-retimed parallel physical interface	Annex 86A	QSFP+ SR4/CR4 without CDR
50GAUI-2	2 × 26.5625 GBd NRZ	Annex 135B/C	QSFP28 (2 × 50G breakout), SFP56 (some)
50GAUI-1	1 × 26.5625 GBd PAM4	Annex 135D/E	SFP56, 50GBASE-SR/FR/LR modules

100 Gigabit

Interface	Lanes	Standard	Cage
CAUI-10	10 × 10.3125 GBd	Annex 83A/B	CFP, CXP, 100GBASE-SR10
CAUI-4	4 × 25.78125 GBd NRZ	Annex 83D (C2C), 83E (C2M)	QSFP28, CFP2/CFP4
CPPI-4	4 × 25.78, non-retimed	Annex 86A-style for SR4	QSFP28 SR4 without CDR (rare)
100GAUI-4	4 × 26.5625 GBd NRZ (with RS-FEC(544) framing)	Annex 135D/E	QSFP28 in 100GBASE-CR4/KR4 KP4 mode
100GAUI-2	2 × 53.125 GBd PAM4	Annex 135F/135G (C2M)	QSFP56 100G lanes, 2 × 100G breakout, DR/FR1 modules with 2-lane hosts
100GAUI-1	1 × 106.25 GBd PAM4	Annex 120F/120G (C2M) (802.3ck)	QSFP112, OSFP 100G-per-lane, SFP112

200, 400, 800 Gigabit

Interface	Lanes	Standard	Cage
200GAUI-8	8 × 26.5625 GBd PAM4	Annex 120B/C	QSFP-DD in 200G mode (rare)
200GAUI-4	4 × 53.125 GBd PAM4	Annex 120D/120E (C2M)	QSFP56, OSFP/QSFP-DD 2 × 200G
200GAUI-2	2 × 106.25 GBd PAM4	Annex 120F/G	QSFP112 2 × 200G, OSFP
400GAUI-16 (CDAUI-16)	16 × 26.5625 GBd NRZ	Annex 120B/C	CFP8
400GAUI-8 (CDAUI-8)	8 × 53.125 GBd PAM4	Annex 120D/120E (C2M)	QSFP-DD, OSFP (400G)
400GAUI-4	4 × 106.25 GBd PAM4	Annex 120F/120G (C2M)	QSFP112, OSFP 400G, half of an 800G port
800GAUI-8	8 × 106.25 GBd PAM4	802.3df annexes (C2C/C2M)	OSFP, QSFP-DD800
800GAUI-4 / 1.6TAUI-8	4 / 8 × 212.5 GBd PAM4	802.3dj (in progress)	OSFP224, OSFP-XD, QSFP-DD1600

C2C vs C2M and compliance points

	Chip-to-chip (C2C)	Chip-to-module (C2M)
Path	ASIC ↔ ASIC/PHY on the same board or across a connector	ASIC → host PCB → cage connector → module PCB → module IC
Reach	up to ~25–50 cm (NRZ), less at PAM4	~10–15 cm host trace + connector
Test points	TP0/TP5 at chip pins	TP1 (host output at module connector), TP1a (after a reference channel = module input), TP4 (module output at connector), TP4a (at host input after host channel)
Module role	—	must meet output spec at TP4 (eye, jitter, TDECQ-like metrics) and tolerate host signal at TP1a with the specified stressed eye
Retiming	both chips retime	module retimes (CDR/DSP) — or is linear (LPO) and relies on the host

Host boards are qualified against the C2M reference channel; a long or lossy host trace (high-radix 800G switches) is why retimers and gearboxes appear on switch boards (Inside a switch).

OIF CEI behind the IEEE annexes

OIF CEI	Rate / modulation	IEEE equivalent	Reach class
CEI-28G-VSR	28 GBd NRZ	CAUI-4 C2M	very short reach (module)
CEI-28G-SR / -MR / -LR	28 GBd NRZ	CAUI-4 C2C / backplane	short / medium / long (backplane)
CEI-56G-VSR-PAM4	56 GBd PAM4	400GAUI-8 / 200GAUI-4 C2M	module
CEI-56G-MR/LR-PAM4	56 GBd PAM4	200GBASE-KR4 class	backplane
CEI-112G-VSR-PAM4	112 GBd PAM4	400GAUI-4 / 800GAUI-8 C2M	module
CEI-112G-XSR / -MR / -LR	112 GBd PAM4	die-to-die / C2C / backplane	—
CEI-112G-Linear-PAM4	112 GBd PAM4	LPO host interface	module, linear
CEI-224G (in progress)	224 GBd PAM4	800GAUI-4 / 1.6TAUI-8	—

OIF publishes the electrical envelopes; IEEE annexes reference or align with them.

Electrical lanes vs optical lanes

Module	Electrical (host)	Optical (line)	Conversion in module
10GBASE-LR SFP+	1 × 10G	1 λ × 10G	none
40GBASE-LR4	4 × 10G	4 λ × 10G	none (WDM mux)
100GBASE-SR4 / LR4	4 × 25G NRZ	4 fibres / 4 λ × 25G	none
100GBASE-DR / FR1 / LR1	4 × 25G NRZ	1 λ × 100G PAM4	gearbox + PAM4 DSP (4:1)
100G on QSFP112 (100GAUI-1)	1 × 100G PAM4	1 × 100G PAM4	retime only
200GBASE-FR4	4 × 50G PAM4	4 λ × 50G PAM4	retime
400GBASE-DR4 / FR4	8 × 50G PAM4	4 fibres / 4 λ × 100G PAM4	gearbox 2:1 in DSP
400GBASE-SR8	8 × 50G PAM4	8 fibres × 50G PAM4	retime
400G on 400GAUI-4 hosts	4 × 100G PAM4	4 × 100G PAM4	retime (or LPO linear)
800G-DR8 / 2×FR4	8 × 100G PAM4	8 fibres / 2 × 4 λ × 100G	retime
800G-DR4 (200G/λ)	8 × 100G PAM4	4 × 200G PAM4	gearbox 2:1
1.6T-DR8 (OSFP224)	8 × 200G PAM4	8 × 200G PAM4	retime

The gearbox is why a 400G-DR4 module draws 8–10 W and a 400G-SR8 less, and why CMIS lists separate host and media interface IDs per application (CMIS).

Who conditions the signal

Generation	In the module	On the host
10G SFP+ (SFI)	limiting amp or linear TIA; no CDR on most	SerDes with CTLE/DFE equalisation; EDC for LRM
10G XFP (XFI)	CDR	plain SerDes
25G SFP28, 100G QSFP28	CDR on Tx and Rx (bypassable: SFF-8636 bytes 98/99)	SerDes FFE/DFE; pre-emphasis programmable in the module's control bytes (SFF-8636 page 03h 234–241: Rx output amplitude/emphasis, Tx input equalisation)
PAM4 200G–800G	DSP retimer with FFE/DFE/MLSE; host-side equaliser settings via CMIS (page 10h/11h Tx input EQ, Rx output amplitude/pre-cursor/post-cursor)	SerDes DSP
LPO 400G/800G	linear driver and TIA, no DSP	the switch ASIC's SerDes DSP compensates the whole channel; host must be LPO-capable and directly attached (DSP & LPO)
Retimed vs linear AEC/ACC cables	AEC: DSP in the plug; ACC: linear amplifier	as above (Cable internals)

Rate selection and CDR bypass controls: Rate & application selection, CDR.

In CodingBox

For SFF-8636 modules CodingBox shows the CDR-present bits, rate-select capability and the equalisation/emphasis control bytes; for CMIS modules the application table with host interface IDs (CAUI-4, 400GAUI-8, 100GAUI-1…) against media interface IDs — the declaration a host uses to pick lane count and modulation. A module advertising only 400GAUI-8 will not run on a 400GAUI-4 (QSFP112-class) port, however good its optics (Check transceiver, CMIS upper pages).

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